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Depression & Mental Health FAQs
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated 40 million Americans living today will suffer from major depressive illness during their lives. Seasonal affective disorder is major depression that appears in the fall or winter and goes away in spring, thought to be caused by lack of sunlight.
Postpartum depression occurs within four weeks of a women giving childbirth. Most new mothers suffer from some form of the �baby blues.� Postpartum depression, by contrast, is major depression, thought to be triggered by changes in hormonal flows associated with childbirth. Catatonic depression is a rare form of major depression characterized by (at least two): Stupor, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities in voluntary movement, and repetition of other people's words or actions. - mcmanweb.com
Psychotic depression is a rare form of depression characterized by delusions or hallucinations, such as believing you are someone you are not and hearing voices.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the US population age 18 and older in a given year, have a depressive disorder. Depression is a chronic illness that exacts a significant toll on
America's health and productivity. It affects more than 21 million
American children and adults annually and is the leading cause of
disability in the United States for individuals ages 15 to 44.
Lost productive time among U.S. workers due to depression is estimated
to be in excess of $31 billion per year. Depression frequently
co-occurs with a variety of medical illnesses such as heart disease,
cancer, and chronic pain and is associated with poorer health status
and prognosis. It is also the principal cause of the 30,000 suicides
in the U.S. each year. In 2004, suicide was the 11 th leading cause of death in the United States, third among individuals 15-24.
According to the World Health Organization, depression is presently on track to becoming the world's second-most disabling disease (after heart disease) by the year 2020. Depression is responsible for some $87 billion a year in lost productivity in the US (a conservative estimate), and according to Bank One, is responsible for most lost work days in its employees after pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, one million people worldwide die by their own hand, most as a result of a mood disorder. Finally, the linkage between depression and a host of physical illnesses makes it arguably the world's greatest killer.
Research presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Canadian
Psychiatric Association shows a marked link between bipolar disorder
and migraines. The odds of migraine in persons with bipolar disorder were 40% higher than the general population. Data
obtained from 36,984 people aged 15 and over, who screened positive for
manic or depressive episodes with migraine, were compared against those
who screened positive for mania but who didn�t suffer from migraines. Amongst
males, 14.9% of those with manic episodes were also diagnosed with
migraines compared with 5.8% of the general population. Amongst
females, 34.7% had both migraines and bipolar disorder compared with
14.7% who only had migraines.unquote.gif While the research was
skewed towards persons who were already diagnosed with bipolar
disorders, what does it mean for people who suffer from migraines but
who may have an undiagnosed bipolar disorder?
Migraines and headaches aren�t fully understood but the manifestations are very real and debilitating for their sufferers: Throbbing pain Nausea Heightened sensitivity to light or sound Seeing dots, wavy lines, flashing lights, or blind spots Difficulty with speech, sensation, or movement
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Do you fret about everything around the clock? There is help you can get.
By Kathleen Doheny
Posted 2/24/08
SUNDAY, Feb. 24 (HealthDay News) -- Almost everyone worries about
something -- credit card debt, car repair bills, an upcoming work
review, whether your child will get into a good college. A little worry
is natural and normal.
But when you become a 24/7 fret machine, that's not normal. You may
have what doctors call generalized anxiety disorder, or GAD -- a
condition marked by worry about most aspects of life that you feel you
can't control. It can leave you feeling physically exhausted and
emotionally drained, and also frustrate loved ones who must listen to
you verbalize all that anxiety.
"This worry process never ends," said Dr. David H. Barlow, professor
of psychology and psychiatry at Boston University and founder and
director emeritus of the university's Center for Anxiety and Related
Disorders.
"The key psychological feature of GAD is a state of chronic,
uncontrollable worry," he added, noting that about 6 percent of
Americans suffer from the condition at some point in their life.
"They are always anticipating the worst," Barlow said. They worry
about major concerns as well as ones most of us would consider minor,
he explained. They can't seem to stop the worrying, even when they know
it's unrealistic or unfounded. And once one worry is over, the next one
surfaces.
"There is always the next crisis to worry about," Barlow said.
People struggling with GAD "know the worry is out of proportion" to
reality, said Jerilyn Ross, a licensed clinical social worker and
president and CEO of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America. By
way of example, Ross cited a woman whose husband is a wonderful family
provider. But she'll worry incessantly about finances, even though she
knows the worry is unwarranted.
All this worrying leaves GAD sufferers living in a chronic state of
physical tension, Barlow said. Many have trouble sleeping, are
irritable, can suffer from gastrointestinal distress, and can be left
with frayed relationships. Other symptoms can include muscle aches and
trembling and twitching, according to the U.S. National Institute of
Mental Health.
Fortunately, mental health professionals have been paying increased
attention to the disorder, leading to successful treatment approaches.
And the treatments don't take years, Barlow and Ross said.
The trend is toward targeted, goal-driven sessions, with intense
treatment lasting a couple of months or so, then tapering off to
occasional sessions. Usually, cognitive behavioral therapy -- including
talk therapy, cognitive "restructuring" to change the way people view
situations that typically trigger worry -- can help, Barlow said. So
can exercise.
The goal, Ross said, is to get the person with GAD to experience the
feeling of worry and "desensitize" him or her to it -- "to experience
it over and over again almost until it gets boring."
Ross said she helps GAD sufferers learn to tolerate the discomfort
of their anxiety, over and over, until it starts to diminish. She helps
them do this by having them ask themselves about their areas of
concern: Is this a realistic worry? What are the probabilities of this
happening? Then, she suggests they attempt to let go of the worry.
Curiously, when a wave of worry sweeps over them, most GAD sufferers
"try to stamp it out, not experience it," Barlow said. "But ironically,
that only serves to increase the intensity of the emotion. We teach
them new ways to experience emotions, how to experience emotions in
more positive ways, to ride them through, to accept them, to let them
run their natural course."
In addition to cognitive or behavioral therapy, medications can also
help, Barlow said, including the antidepressants Prozac (fluoxetine),
Paxil (paroxetine) and Effexor (venlafaxine).
More information
To learn more about generalized anxiety disorder, visit the Anxiety Disorders Association of America.
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Depression & Mental Health FAQs 2
What is Clinical Depression? Clinical
depression can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior. It can
change your eating habits, how you feel and think about things, your
ability to work and study, and how you interact with people. Clinical
depression is not a passing mood, a sign of personal weakness or a
condition that can be willed away. Clinically depressed people cannot
"pull themselves together" and get better. Depression can be
successfully treated by a mental health professional or certain health
care providers. With the right treatment, 80 percent of those who seek
help get better. And many people begin to feel better in just a few
weeks.
Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health World Health Organization Finds Depression Often Goes Untreated By Salynn Boyles WebMD Medical News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD Sept.
6, 2007 -- Depression has a greater impact on overall health than
arthritis, diabetes, angina, and asthma, but it all too often goes
unrecognized and untreated, a report from the World Health Organization
(WHO) suggests. more... Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health
For Additional Information About Depression Write To: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8184, MSC 9663 Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
For free brochures on depression and its treatment call: 1-800-421-4211. or visit: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
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