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on: Monday, 01 December 2008 13:43
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UOTE(cookiecrumbs @ Jun 28 2007, 05:08 PM) *Sarah ~Thank you for being such an encouragement to everyone. I realize that as a moderator that part of your job might be to welcome and encourage, but you excel in filling that role. Of all my emotional problems, my eating disorder has been the most secretive, hidden problem in my life. For almost 34 it's been a forbidden topic with family, friends, and doctors (both therapists and physicians). This is the first place where I've felt able to share a small portion of my struggle. Thank you for being sensitive and caring as you deal with each post on this forum. It must be difficult with an eating disorder of your own to constantly be put in the role of counselor, friend, encourager, and advisor when you need all of those things in your own battle. Thank you. Your honesty and kindness is greatly appreciated. icon12.gif (-cookiecrumbs)
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Depression & Mental Health FAQs
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated 40 million Americans living today will suffer from major depressive illness during their lives. Seasonal affective disorder is major depression that appears in the fall or winter and goes away in spring, thought to be caused by lack of sunlight.
Postpartum depression occurs within four weeks of a women giving childbirth. Most new mothers suffer from some form of the �baby blues.� Postpartum depression, by contrast, is major depression, thought to be triggered by changes in hormonal flows associated with childbirth. Catatonic depression is a rare form of major depression characterized by (at least two): Stupor, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities in voluntary movement, and repetition of other people's words or actions. - mcmanweb.com
Psychotic depression is a rare form of depression characterized by delusions or hallucinations, such as believing you are someone you are not and hearing voices.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the US population age 18 and older in a given year, have a depressive disorder. Depression is a chronic illness that exacts a significant toll on
America's health and productivity. It affects more than 21 million
American children and adults annually and is the leading cause of
disability in the United States for individuals ages 15 to 44.
Lost productive time among U.S. workers due to depression is estimated
to be in excess of $31 billion per year. Depression frequently
co-occurs with a variety of medical illnesses such as heart disease,
cancer, and chronic pain and is associated with poorer health status
and prognosis. It is also the principal cause of the 30,000 suicides
in the U.S. each year. In 2004, suicide was the 11 th leading cause of death in the United States, third among individuals 15-24.
According to the World Health Organization, depression is presently on track to becoming the world's second-most disabling disease (after heart disease) by the year 2020. Depression is responsible for some $87 billion a year in lost productivity in the US (a conservative estimate), and according to Bank One, is responsible for most lost work days in its employees after pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, one million people worldwide die by their own hand, most as a result of a mood disorder. Finally, the linkage between depression and a host of physical illnesses makes it arguably the world's greatest killer.
Research presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Canadian
Psychiatric Association shows a marked link between bipolar disorder
and migraines. The odds of migraine in persons with bipolar disorder were 40% higher than the general population. Data
obtained from 36,984 people aged 15 and over, who screened positive for
manic or depressive episodes with migraine, were compared against those
who screened positive for mania but who didn�t suffer from migraines. Amongst
males, 14.9% of those with manic episodes were also diagnosed with
migraines compared with 5.8% of the general population. Amongst
females, 34.7% had both migraines and bipolar disorder compared with
14.7% who only had migraines.unquote.gif While the research was
skewed towards persons who were already diagnosed with bipolar
disorders, what does it mean for people who suffer from migraines but
who may have an undiagnosed bipolar disorder?
Migraines and headaches aren�t fully understood but the manifestations are very real and debilitating for their sufferers: Throbbing pain Nausea Heightened sensitivity to light or sound Seeing dots, wavy lines, flashing lights, or blind spots Difficulty with speech, sensation, or movement
An estimated 2.1 million
American adolescents have experienced major depression within the last
year, according to a new comprehensive government study. Researchers
surveyed more than 67,000 young people ages 12 to 17 and found that one
in 12 had suffered from serious depression in the previous year.Nearly
13 percent of girls had struggled with depression, compared to less
than 5 percent of boys. Odds of depression increased with age -- just 4
percent of 12-year-olds experienced depression but that climbed to 11
percent for older teens.
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) include isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), and tranylcypromine (Parnate). These medications are rarely used because of strict dietary requirements and life-threatening drug and food interactions. Because of these drug and food interactions, MAOIs may not be taken with many other types of medicines, and some foods that are high in tyramine, dopamine, or tryptophan must be avoided as well.
How do MAOIs work? These drugs inhibit monoamine oxidase. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme in the body that is responsible for metabolizing (breaking down) neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The result of MAOIs is an increase in the concentration of neurotransmitters. Some of these neurotransmitters increase blood pressure.
Who should not use these medications? In many circumstances, the use of MAOIs is dangerous.
* Individuals who are allergic to MAOIs
* Individuals with diseases, such as pheochromocytoma or hypertension, that cause increased blood pressure
* Individuals with diseases, such as heart failure or other heart disease, severe impaired renal function, and stroke or other cerebrovascular disease, in which increased blood pressure is likely to aggravate the condition
* Individuals with a history of headache
* Individuals with liver disease
* Individuals using other drugs that may elevate blood pressure or cause additive effects (see drug interactions)
* Individuals consuming foods with high tyramine content—MAOIs may lead to dangerously elevated blood pressure (see food interactions)
Use
* MAOIs are administered orally.
* MAOIs are rarely the first antidepressant drug prescribed, but they are an option when initial treatments do not work or are not tolerated.
* MAOIs are not a good choice for elderly or debilitated individuals.
Children: Phenelzine is not approved for children younger than 16 years. Tranylcypromine is not approved for children or adolescents.
Drug or food interactions: Tell the doctor what medications are currently being taken because many drugs interact with MAOIs. Do not take any nonprescription or herbal medications without first consulting the doctor or pharmacist. The following are examples of interactions, but they do not represent a complete list.
* The risk for serotonin syndrome may be increased by SSRIs, TCAs, atomoxetine (Strattera), duloxetine, dextromethorphan (in many cough syrups), dexfenfluramine, 5-HT1 agonists (such as sumatriptan or zolmitriptan), venlafaxine (Effexor), St. John’s wort, or ginkgo. Serotonin syndrome is a serious side effect and may be fatal. Symptoms include fever, muscle stiffness, and changes in mental status such as confusion or hallucinations.
* The risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (restlessness, sweating, fever, confusion, and muscle stiffness) may increase with lithium and tramadol (Ultram).
* Morphine, meperidine (Demerol), and other narcotic pain relievers may cause hypotension and depress the central nervous system and respirations.
* The following drugs may increase the risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with MAOIs or within 2 weeks of stopping MAOIs:
o Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
o Stimulants such as amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or ephedrine (ma huang, ephedra)
o Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
o Dopamine, methyldopa (Aldomet), or levodopa (Sinemet)
o Epinephrine (EpiPen)
o Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or Adderall
o Buspirone * MAOIs may increase side effects of the following drugs:
o Bupropion - Increases risk of seizures, agitation, and psychotic changes
o Antidiabetic agents - Increases risk for low blood sugar levels, depression, and seizures
o Mirtazapine - May increase risk for seizures
o Carbamazepine - May result in high blood pressure, fever, and seizures * Do not eat foods high in tyramine, dopamine, or tryptophan while taking MAOIs or for 2 weeks after discontinuing MAOIs. Tyramine, dopamine, and tryptophan are chemicals that can interact with MAOIs and cause hypertensive crisis, which is an extremely dangerous side effect. Foods high in these chemicals should be avoided. They include the following:
o Dairy products
+ Cheese, particularly Blue, Camembert, Cheddar, Emmenthaler, Stilton, and Swiss, which contain very high amounts of tyramine
+ Yogurt o Meat and fish products
+ Anchovies
+ Beef or chicken liver
+ Other meats or fish that have not been refrigerated, are fermented, or are spoiled
+ Caviar
+ Fermented sausages such as bologna, pepperoni, salami, and summer sausage
+ Game meat
+ Meats prepared with tenderizer
+ Herring
+ Shrimp paste o Alcoholic beverages
+ Beer
+ Red wine, especially Chianti
+ Sherry
+ Distilled spirits and liqueurs o Fruits and vegetables
+ Fruits such as bananas, raspberries, dried fruits, and overripe fruits (especially avocados and figs)
+ Bean cure, miso soup, sauerkraut, soy sauce, and yeast extracts (such as Marmite) o Foods containing other chemicals that increase blood pressure
+ Broad beans (fava beans)
+ Caffeine containing beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola
+ Chocolate
+ Ginseng
Side Effects: This is NOT a complete list of side effects reported with MAOIs. A doctor, health care provider, or pharmacist can discuss a more complete list of side effects.
* Hypertensive crisis (Hypertensive crisis is the most serious reaction and involves dramatic increases in blood pressure and requires immediate care from the doctor. The hypertensive crisis usually occurs within several hours after ingestion of a drug or food that interacts with MAOIs. Hypertensive crisis can be fatal. Symptoms include severe headache, rapid heart rate, chest pain, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, sweating , dilated pupils, and eye sensitivity to light.)
* Manic episodes in persons with bipolar disorder (If not combined with a mood-stabilizing drug, MAOIs may induce manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder .)
* Increased heart rate or blood pressure in people with hyperthyroid conditions
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Depression Forums would like to hear from you!
Depression Forums would like to hear from you!
Mental illness affects one in seventeen Americans. We
would like to invite you to share your story about
your Depression, as breaking the silence will help us to break open the
stigma surrounding mental health that keeps people from getting the
care that continues misunderstandings about those affected by mental
health disorders.
Stories with a positive outlook are most welcome. There is nothing better than to speak out, tell your story and get the word out!
There is hope! Together, we can help ourselves and others. Please PM Forum Admin for more information to submit your story. Warm Regards, ~Lindsay and The Depression Forums Administration Staff
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Depression & Mental Health FAQs 2
What is Clinical Depression? Clinical
depression can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior. It can
change your eating habits, how you feel and think about things, your
ability to work and study, and how you interact with people. Clinical
depression is not a passing mood, a sign of personal weakness or a
condition that can be willed away. Clinically depressed people cannot
"pull themselves together" and get better. Depression can be
successfully treated by a mental health professional or certain health
care providers. With the right treatment, 80 percent of those who seek
help get better. And many people begin to feel better in just a few
weeks.
Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health World Health Organization Finds Depression Often Goes Untreated By Salynn Boyles WebMD Medical News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD Sept.
6, 2007 -- Depression has a greater impact on overall health than
arthritis, diabetes, angina, and asthma, but it all too often goes
unrecognized and untreated, a report from the World Health Organization
(WHO) suggests. more... Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health
For Additional Information About Depression Write To: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8184, MSC 9663 Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
For free brochures on depression and its treatment call: 1-800-421-4211. or visit: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
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