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Depression & Mental Health FAQs
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated 40 million Americans living today will suffer from major depressive illness during their lives. Seasonal affective disorder is major depression that appears in the fall or winter and goes away in spring, thought to be caused by lack of sunlight.
Postpartum depression occurs within four weeks of a women giving childbirth. Most new mothers suffer from some form of the �baby blues.� Postpartum depression, by contrast, is major depression, thought to be triggered by changes in hormonal flows associated with childbirth. Catatonic depression is a rare form of major depression characterized by (at least two): Stupor, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities in voluntary movement, and repetition of other people's words or actions. - mcmanweb.com
Psychotic depression is a rare form of depression characterized by delusions or hallucinations, such as believing you are someone you are not and hearing voices.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the US population age 18 and older in a given year, have a depressive disorder. Depression is a chronic illness that exacts a significant toll on
America's health and productivity. It affects more than 21 million
American children and adults annually and is the leading cause of
disability in the United States for individuals ages 15 to 44.
Lost productive time among U.S. workers due to depression is estimated
to be in excess of $31 billion per year. Depression frequently
co-occurs with a variety of medical illnesses such as heart disease,
cancer, and chronic pain and is associated with poorer health status
and prognosis. It is also the principal cause of the 30,000 suicides
in the U.S. each year. In 2004, suicide was the 11 th leading cause of death in the United States, third among individuals 15-24.
According to the World Health Organization, depression is presently on track to becoming the world's second-most disabling disease (after heart disease) by the year 2020. Depression is responsible for some $87 billion a year in lost productivity in the US (a conservative estimate), and according to Bank One, is responsible for most lost work days in its employees after pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, one million people worldwide die by their own hand, most as a result of a mood disorder. Finally, the linkage between depression and a host of physical illnesses makes it arguably the world's greatest killer.
Research presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Canadian
Psychiatric Association shows a marked link between bipolar disorder
and migraines. The odds of migraine in persons with bipolar disorder were 40% higher than the general population. Data
obtained from 36,984 people aged 15 and over, who screened positive for
manic or depressive episodes with migraine, were compared against those
who screened positive for mania but who didn�t suffer from migraines. Amongst
males, 14.9% of those with manic episodes were also diagnosed with
migraines compared with 5.8% of the general population. Amongst
females, 34.7% had both migraines and bipolar disorder compared with
14.7% who only had migraines.unquote.gif While the research was
skewed towards persons who were already diagnosed with bipolar
disorders, what does it mean for people who suffer from migraines but
who may have an undiagnosed bipolar disorder?
Migraines and headaches aren�t fully understood but the manifestations are very real and debilitating for their sufferers: Throbbing pain Nausea Heightened sensitivity to light or sound Seeing dots, wavy lines, flashing lights, or blind spots Difficulty with speech, sensation, or movement
An estimated 2.1 million
American adolescents have experienced major depression within the last
year, according to a new comprehensive government study. Researchers
surveyed more than 67,000 young people ages 12 to 17 and found that one
in 12 had suffered from serious depression in the previous year.Nearly
13 percent of girls had struggled with depression, compared to less
than 5 percent of boys. Odds of depression increased with age -- just 4
percent of 12-year-olds experienced depression but that climbed to 11
percent for older teens.
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ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEDICATIONS BY TRADE NAME TRADE NAME - GENERIC NAME
Antipsychotic Medications
Abilify® (aripiprazole)
Clozaril® (clozapine)
Geodon® (ziprasidone)
Haldol® (Haloperidol)
INVEGA ® (paliperidone)
Lidone® (molindone)
Loxitane® (loxapine)
Neulactil ®(pericyazine)
Mellaril® (Thioridazine hydrochloride)
Moban® (Molindone hydrochloride)
Navane® (Thiothixene)
Orap® (Pimozide) (for Tourette's syndrome)
Pristiq® ( Desvenlafaxine )
Prolixin® (fluphenazine)
Risperdal® (risperidone)
Serentil® (Mesoridazine besylate)
Seroquel® (quetiapine)
Stelazine® (Trifluoperazine hydrochloride)
Thorazine® (chlorpromazine)
Trilafon® (perphenazine)
Zyprexa® (olanzapine)
Antimanic Medications
Depakote® (divalproex sodium) - Valproic Acid
Eskalith®, Lithane®, Lithobid® (lithium carbonate)
Lamictal® (lamotrigine) Neurontin® (Gabapentin)
Tegretol® (Carbamazepine)
Topamax® (toe-PA-max)
Antidepressant Medications Anafranil® (Clomipramine hydrochloride) Celexa® (citalopram HBr)
Cymbalta® (Duloxetine hydrochloride)
Desyrel® (Trazodone hydrochloride)
Dosulepin® (venlafaxine)
Elavil® (Amitriptyline hydrochloride)
Lexapro® (escitalopram)
Ludiomil® (MAPROTILINE )
Luvox® (fluvoxamine)
Nardil® (Phenelzine sulfate)
Norpramin® (desipramine)
Pamelor® (Nortriptyline hydrochloride)
Parnate® (Tranylcypromine sulfate)
Paxil ® (paroxetine hydrochloride) Prozac® (fluoxetine)
Remeron® (mirtazapine, zispin)
Serzone® (nefazodone)
Sinequan® (Doxepin hydrochloride)
Surmontil® (Trimipramine maleate)
Symbyax® (Prozac® & Zyprexa®) ( Olanzapine and Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Combination Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Medication ) Tofranil® (Imipramine)
Vivactil® (protriptyline)
Wellbutrin® (bupropion)
Zoloft® (Sertraline)
Antianxiety Medications (All of these antianxiety medications except BuSpar� are benzodiazepines)
Ativan® (lorazepam)
BuSpar® (buspirone)
Halcion® triazolam (trye AH zoe lam)
Librium®, Librax® , Libritabs® (chlordiazepoxide)
Klonopin®, Rivotril® (clonazepam)
Serax® (oxazepam)
Restoril® (temazepam)
Tranxene® (clorazepate)
Valium® (diazepam)
Xanax® (alprazolam)
CHILDREN'S MEDICATION CHART TRADE NAME GENERIC NAME APPROVED AGE
Stimulant Medications
Adderall® (amphetamine) (Adderall XR® amphetamine 6 and older)
Concerta ® methylphenidate (long acting) 6 and older (See Ritalin®)
Dexedrine® (dextroamphetamine) (Dextrostat® dextroamphetamine 3 and older)
Focalin® (dexmethylphenidate ) Ritalin®, Metadate ER® (methylphenidate )
Non-stimulant for ADHD Strattera® (atomoxetine ) *Because of its potential for serious side effects affecting the liver, Cylert should not ordinarily be considered as first-line drug therapy for ADHD.
Antidepressant and Antianxiety Medications (See above discriptions for information on these meds)
Anafranil® (Clomipramine hydrochloride) 10 and older (for OCD)
BuSpar® buspirone 18 and older
Effexor® venlafaxine 18 and older
Luvox® (SSRI) fluvoxamine 8 and older (for OCD)
Paxil® (SSRI) paroxetine 18 and older
Prozac® (SSRI) fluoxetine 18 and older
Serzone®(SSRI) nefazodone 18 and older
Sinequan® doxepin 12 and older
Tofranil® imipramine 6 and older (for bedwetting)
Wellbutrin® bupropion 18 and older
Zoloft® (SSRI) sertraline 6 and older (for OCD)
Antipsychotic Medications (See above discriptions for information on these meds)
Clozaril ®(atypical) clozapine 18 and older
Haldol® haloperidol 3 and older
Risperdal® (atypical) risperidone 18 and older
Seroquel® (atypical) quetiapine 18 and older
Mellaril® thioridazine 2 and older
Zyprexa (atypical) olanzapine 18 and older
Orap® pimozide 12 and older (for Tourette's syndrome) Data for age 2 and older indicate similar safety profile)
Mood Stabilizing Medications (See above discriptions for information on these meds)
Cibalith-S® lithium citrate 12 and older
Depakote® valproic acid 2 and older (for seizures)
Eskalith® lithium carbonate 12 and older
Lithobid® lithium carbonate 12 and older
Tegretol® carbamazepine any age (for seizures)
----------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES
1Fenton WS. Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2000; 62 (suppl 4): 10-14.
2Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, Gyulai L, Wassef A, Petty F, et al. For the Divalproex Maintenance Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2000; 57(5): 481-489.
3Vainionp�� LK, R�tty� J, Knip M, Tapanainen JS, Pakarinen AJ, Lanning P, et al. Valproate-induced hyperandrogenism during pubertal maturation in girls with epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 1999; 45(4): 444-450.
4Soames JC. Valproate treatment and the risk of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Bipolar Disorder, 2000; 2(1): 37-41.
5Thase ME, and Sachs GS. Bipolar depression: Pharmacotherapy and related therapeutic strategies. Biological Psychiatry, 2000; 48(6): 558-572.
6Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institute of Mental Health.
7Altshuler LL, Cohen L, Szuba MP, Burt VK, Gitlin M, and Mintz J. Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy: Dilemmas and guidelines. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1996; 153(5): 592-606.
8Physicians' Desk Reference, 54th edition. Montavale, NJ: Medical Economics Data Production Co. 2000. This is the 4th edition of Medications. It was revised by Margaret Strock, staff member in the Science Writing Team, Public Information and Communications Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Scientific review was provided by Wayne Fenton, M.D., Henry Haigler, Ph.D., Ellen Leibenluft, M.D., Matthew Rudorfer, M.D., and Benedetto Vitiello, M.D. Editorial assistance was provided by Lisa Alberts and Ruth Dubois.
NIH Publication No. 02-3929
NIMH publications are in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without the permission from the Institute (NIMH). NIMH encourages you to reproduce them and use them in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the National Institute of Mental Health as a source is appreciated. However, using government materials inappropriately can raise legal or ethical concerns, so we ask you to use these guidelines:
* NIMH does not endorse or recommend any commercial products, processes, or services, and publications may not be used for advertising or endorsement purposes. * NIMH does not provide specific medical advice or treatment recommendations or referrals; these materials may not be used in a manner that has the appearance of such information. * NIMH requests that non-Federal organizations not alter publications in a way that will jeopardize the integrity and "brand" when using publications. * Addition of Non-Federal Government logos and website links may not have the appearance of NIMH endorsement of any specific commercial products or services or medical treatments or services.
If you have questions regarding these guidelines and use of NIMH publications, please contact the NIMH Information Center at 1-866-615-6464 or at nimhinfo@nih.gov.
Physicians' Desk Reference® (PDR®) For more than 50 years, doctors have relied upon the Physicians' Desk Reference for the latest, most accurate drug information. Today that trusted knowledge is available to you and your family through PDRhealth.
The drug information on PDRhealth is written in lay terms and is based on the FDA-approved drug information found in the PDR. It gives consumers plain-English explanations for the safe and effective use of prescription and nonprescription drugs explanations that are consistent with the information professionals are referencing in the PDR. Use this section to read about a drug your doctor may have prescribed to check for side effects, drug interactions, and other important information.
While great care has been taken in organizing and presenting the material on depressionforums, please note that information on a web site should never be substituted for the advice of your doctor or other health professional.]
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Depression & Mental Health FAQs 2
What is Clinical Depression? Clinical
depression can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior. It can
change your eating habits, how you feel and think about things, your
ability to work and study, and how you interact with people. Clinical
depression is not a passing mood, a sign of personal weakness or a
condition that can be willed away. Clinically depressed people cannot
"pull themselves together" and get better. Depression can be
successfully treated by a mental health professional or certain health
care providers. With the right treatment, 80 percent of those who seek
help get better. And many people begin to feel better in just a few
weeks.
Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health World Health Organization Finds Depression Often Goes Untreated By Salynn Boyles WebMD Medical News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD Sept.
6, 2007 -- Depression has a greater impact on overall health than
arthritis, diabetes, angina, and asthma, but it all too often goes
unrecognized and untreated, a report from the World Health Organization
(WHO) suggests. more... Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health
For Additional Information About Depression Write To: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8184, MSC 9663 Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
For free brochures on depression and its treatment call: 1-800-421-4211. or visit: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
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