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Depression & Mental Health FAQs
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated 40 million
Americans living today will suffer from major depressive illness during their lives.

Seasonal affective disorder is major depression that appears in the fall or winter and goes away in spring, thought to be caused by lack of sunlight.



Postpartum depression occurs within four weeks of a women giving childbirth. Most new mothers suffer from some form of the �baby blues.� Postpartum depression, by contrast, is major depression, thought to be triggered by changes in hormonal flows associated with childbirth.

Catatonic depression is a rare form of major depression characterized by (at least two): Stupor, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities in voluntary movement, and repetition of other people's words or actions. - mcmanweb.com



Psychotic depression is a rare form of depression characterized by delusions or hallucinations, such as believing you are someone you are not and hearing voices.


According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the US population age 18 and older in a given year, have a depressive disorder.
Depression is a chronic illness that exacts a significant toll on America's health and productivity.  It affects more than 21 million American children and adults annually and is the leading cause of disability in the United States for individuals ages 15 to 44.


Lost productive time among U.S. workers due to depression is estimated to be in excess of $31 billion per year.  Depression frequently co-occurs with a variety of medical illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and chronic pain and is associated with poorer health status and prognosis.  It is also the principal cause of the 30,000 suicides in the U.S. each year.  In 2004, suicide was the 11th leading cause of death in the United States, third among individuals 15-24.


According to the World Health Organization, depression is presently on track to becoming the world's second-most disabling disease (after heart disease) by the year 2020.

Depression is responsible for some $87 billion a year in lost productivity in the US (a conservative estimate), and according to Bank One, is responsible for most lost work days in its employees after pregnancy and childbirth.

Additionally, one million people worldwide die by their own hand, most as a result of a mood disorder. Finally, the linkage between depression and a host of physical illnesses makes it arguably the world's greatest killer.

Research presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the Canadian Psychiatric Association shows a marked link between bipolar disorder and migraines.

The odds of migraine in persons with bipolar disorder were 40% higher than the general population.

Data obtained from 36,984 people aged 15 and over, who screened positive for manic or depressive episodes with migraine, were compared against those who screened positive for mania but who didn�t suffer from migraines.

Amongst males, 14.9% of those with manic episodes were also diagnosed with migraines compared with 5.8% of the general population. Amongst females, 34.7% had both migraines and bipolar disorder compared with 14.7% who only had migraines.unquote.gif

While the research was skewed towards persons who were already diagnosed with bipolar disorders, what does it mean for people who suffer from migraines but who may have an undiagnosed bipolar disorder?



Migraines and headaches aren�t fully understood but the manifestations are very real and debilitating for their sufferers:

Throbbing pain
Nausea
Heightened sensitivity to light or sound
Seeing dots, wavy lines, flashing lights, or blind spots
Difficulty with speech, sensation, or movement

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Symptoms and Danger Signs

By Lindsay



* Talking about suicide.
* Statements about hopelessness, helplessness, or worthlessness.
* Preoccupation with death.
* Suddenly happier, calmer.
* Loss of interest in things one cares about.
* Visiting or calling people one cares about.
* Making arrangements; setting one's affairs in order.
* Giving things away.

A suicidal person urgently needs to see a doctor or psychiatrist.

Symptoms of Major Depression

Not all people with depression will show all symptoms or have them to the same degree. If a person has four or more symptoms, for more than two weeks, consult a medical doctor or psychiatrist. While the symptoms specified for all groups below generally characterize major depression, there are other disorders with similar characteristics including: unipolar depression, bipolar illness, anxiety disorder, or attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity. Remember that only a medical doctor can diagnose depression.

In Adults

* Persistent sad or "empty" mood.
* Feeling hopeless, helpless, worthless, pessimistic and/or guilty.
* Substance abuse.
* Fatigue or loss of interest in ordinary activities, including sex.
* Disturbances in eating and sleeping patterns.
* Irritability, increased crying, anxiety or panic attacks.
* Difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions.
* Thoughts of suicide; suicide plans or attempts.
* Persistent physical symptoms or pains that do not respond to treatment.

In Infants

It’s important to understand what constitutes normal development in infants, children and adolescents vs. what may be signs of a depressive illness. You may not see a drastic change in a child/adolescent's behavior or mood if they were born with a depressive illness. It may be part of their make-up having been present from day one.

* Unresponsive when talked to or touched, never smile or cry, or may cry often being difficult to soothe.
* Failure to gain weight (not due to other medical illness).
* Unmotivated in play.
* Restless, oversensitive to noise or touch.
* Problems with eating or sleeping.
* Digestive disorders (constipation/diarrhea).

In Children

In children, depressive illnesses/anxiety may be disguised as, or presented as, school phobia or school avoidance, social phobia or social avoidance, excessive separation anxiety, running away, obsessions, compulsions, or everyday rituals, such as having to go to bed at the exact time each night for fear something bad may happen. Chronic illnesses may be present also since depression weakens the immune system.

* Persistent unhappiness, negativity, complaining, chronic boredom, no initiative.
* Uncontrollable anger with aggressive or destructive behavior, possibly hitting themselves or others, kicking, or self-biting, head banging. Harming animals.
* Continual disobedience.
* Easily frustrated, frequent crying, low self-esteem, overly sensitive.
* Inability to pay attention, remember, or make decisions, easily distracted, mind goes blank.
* Energy fluctuations from lethargic to frenzied activity, with periods of normalcy.
* Eating or sleeping problems.
* Bedwetting, constipation, diarrhea. Impulsiveness, accident-prone.
* Chronic worry & fear, clingy, panic attacks.
* Extreme self-consciousness.
* Slowed speech & body movements.
* Disorganized speech - hard to follow when telling you a story, etc.
* Physical symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, stomachaches, arms or legs ache, nail-biting, pulling out hair or eyelashes. (ruling out other medical causes)
* Suicidal talk or attempts.

In Adolescents

Depressive illnesses/anxiety may be disguised as, or presented as, eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia, drug/alcohol abuse, sexual promiscuity, risk-taking behavior such as reckless driving, unprotected sex, carelessness when walking across busy streets, or on bridges or cliffs. There may be social isolation, running away, constant disobedience, getting into trouble with the law, physical or sexual assaults against others, obnoxious behavior, failure to care about appearance/hygiene, no sense of self or of values/morals, difficulty cultivating relationships, inability to establish/stick with occupational/educational goals.

* Physical symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, stomachaches, neck aches, arms or legs hurt due to muscle tension, digestive disorders. (ruling out other medical causes)
* Persistent unhappiness, negativity, irritability.
* Uncontrollable anger or outbursts of rage.
* Overly self-critical, unwarranted guilt, low self-esteem. Inability to concentrate, think straight, remember, or make decisions, possibly resulting in refusal to study in school or an inability (due to depression or attention deficit disorder) to do schoolwork.
* Slowed or hesitant speech or body movements, or restlessness (anxiety).
* Loss of interest in once pleasurable activities.
* Low energy, chronic fatigue, sluggishness.
* Change in appetite, noticeable weight loss or weight gain, or abnormal eating patterns.
* Chronic worry, excessive fear.
* Preoccupation with death themes in literature, music, drawings, speaking of death repeatedly, fascination with guns/knives.
* Suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts.

In the Elderly

Many people feel that it is normal for elderly persons to be depressed. This is a dangerous misconception. If you suspect an older adult is suffering from a depressive illness, a thorough medical examination should be given as soon as possible.

* Unusual complaints of aches and pains (back, stomach, arms, legs, head, chest), fatigue, slowed movements and speech, loss of appetite, inability to sleep, weight increase or decrease, blurred vision, dizziness, heart racing, anxiety.
* Inability to concentrate, remember or think straight (sometimes mistaken for dementia). An overall sadness or apathy, withdrawal; inability to find pleasure in anything.
* Irritability, mood swings or constant complaining; nothing seems to make the person happy.
* Talk of worthlessness, not being needed anymore, excessive and unwarranted guilt.
* Frequent doctor visits without relief in symptoms; all tests come out negative.
* Alcoholism, which can mask an underlying depression.

Symptoms of Mania:

* Decreased need for sleep.
* Restless, agitated, can't sit still. Increased energy, or an inability to slow down.
* Racing, disorganized thoughts, easily distracted.
* Rapid, increased talking or laughing
* Grandiose ideas, increased creativity.
* Overly excited, euphoric, giddy, exhilarated.
* Excessive irritability, on edge.
* Increased sex drive, possibly resulting in affairs, inappropriate sexual behaviors.
* Poor judgment, impulsiveness, spending sprees
* Embarrassing social behavior
* Paranoia, delusions, hallucinations

SOURCE:-
SAVE's Mission is to prevent suicide through public awareness and education, eliminate stigma and serve as a resource to those touched by suicide.
© Copyright 1995-2005 SAVE

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Medical News
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Link Between Mothers' Depression And Young Children's Injuries Confirmed By Study
Infants and toddlers whose mothers are severely depressed are almost three times more likely to suffer accidental injuries than other children in the same age group, according to a new study. The study's findings, published in the Advanced Access edition of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology, suggest that proper treatment for depression would improve not only the mothers' health, but the health of young children as well.

New Nationwide Report Estimates One In Every 12 Adolescents Experienced Major Depression In The Past Year
About 2.1 million teens aged 12 to 17 experienced a major depressive episode in the past year, according to a new nationwide report by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. For almost half of the teens, depression drastically reduced their abilities to deal with aspects of their daily lives, the report said. Overall, 8.




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VYVANSE Demonstrated Significant Improvement In ADHD Symptoms In Adults
Shire plc (LSE: SHP, NASDAQ: SHPGY), the global specialty biopharmaceutical company, presented the results of a phase III pivotal study in which VYVANSE demonstrated significant improvements in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults and met all safety and efficacy endpoints. "Adults with ADHD often find it challenging to focus and organize during the day.




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LUNESTA(R) Study Of Patients With Insomnia And Co-Morbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Published In Archives Of General Psychiatry
Sepracor Inc. (Nasdaq: SEPR) announced the publication of a study of LUNESTA tablets in patients with insomnia and co-morbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in the May issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry. This 595-patient study examined the safety and efficacy of LUNESTA co-administered with escitalopram oxalate, which is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety, versus co-administration of escitalopram and placebo in patients with insomnia and co-existing GAD.

Alcohol Cravings In Response To Negative Emotions Felt More Acutely By Men
Women and men tend to have different types of stress-related psychological disorders. Women have greater rates of depression and some types of anxiety disorders than men, while men have greater rates of alcohol-use disorders than women. A new study of emotional and alcohol-craving responses to stress has found that when men become upset, they are more likely than women to want alcohol.




Bipolar News From Medical News Today
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FDA Approves Astrazeneca's Seroquel For Maintenance Treatment In Bipolar Disorder
AstraZeneca announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved SEROQUEL® (quetiapine fumarate) for the maintenance treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder, as adjunct to lithium or divalproex. SEROQUEL is approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia, and is also the only single agent approved by the FDA for the treatment of both depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder1,2.

Perceptual Switch Rates With Ambiguous Structure-from-motion Figures In Bipolar Disorder
Most people believe that the way we see things is affected by how we feel emotionally. Does our mood really change what we see or do individuals with certain genetic traits always tend to see things differently, regardless of their mood? Earlier research suggested that people with bipolar mood disorder might alternate their perception more slowly when looking at ambiguous figures.




Mental Health News From Medical News Today
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Female Sex Offenders Often Have Mental Problems
Women who commit sexual offences are just as likely to have mental problems or drug addictions as other violent female criminals. This according to the largest study ever conducted of women convicted of sexual offences in Sweden. Between 1988 and 2000, 93 women and 8,500 men were convicted of sexual offences in Sweden. Given that previous research has focused on male perpetrators, knowledge of the factors specific to female sex offenders has been scant.

Distinct Treatment Needed: Tourette's And Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Canada
While 30 to 50 percent of people with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome are also affected with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), both illnesses have a distinct neurocognitive profile, according to a new study published in the print edition of the journal Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry by researchers from the Université de Montréal and the Fernand-Seguin Research Centre of the Louis-H Lafontaine Hospital.




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Psychotherapy Reduces OCD Symptoms In Young Children, Helps Some Achieve Clinical Remission
Although children as young as 5 can be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), few research studies have looked at treatments specifically geared toward young children with this disorder. Now, a new study from the Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center provides some of the first evidence-based data on a successful intervention for early childhood OCD.

Regulate Anti Psychotic Drugs Now, UK
Help the Aged have backed an MPs bid to regulate the prescription of anti-psychotic drugs for people with dementia in care homes.




Schizophrenia News From Medical News Today
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By Evaluating MicroRNAs Scientists Dig Deeper Into The Genetics Of Schizophrenia
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have illuminated a window into how abnormalities in microRNAs, a family of molecules that regulate expression of numerous genes, may contribute to the behavioral and neuronal deficits associated with schizophrenia and possibly other brain disorders.In the May 11 issue of Nature Genetics, Maria Karayiorgou, M.D., professor of psychiatry, and Joseph A. Gogos, M.D., Ph.D.

New Link To Schizophrenia Discovered By Hopkins Researchers
Neuroscientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered that mice lacking an enzyme that contributes to Alzheimer disease exhibit a number of schizophrenia-like behaviors. The finding raises the possibility that this enzyme may participate in the development of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders and therefore may provide a new target for developing therapies.




Sleep / Sleep Disorders / Insomnia News From Medical News Today
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Study Takes A Step Toward Better Defining Fatigue
In an effort to better define and ultimately address fatigue more effectively, a qualitative study from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center has identified three primary themes loss of strength or energy, major effects of fatigue and associated sensations - among patients being treated with standard radiation therapy.Presenting at the 33rd Annual Congress of the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), Loretta A. Williams, Ph.D.

Novel Treatment Offers Insomnia Sufferers Hope Of Quality Sleep
A new, first in class sleep medication is launched, offering hope for thousands of sufferers of insomnia in Europe. Circadin(R), sustained-release melatonin, provides natural sleep by increasing the body's own level of this naturally occurring hormone throughout the night. (1) Melatonin is the hormone responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm (or sleep cycle) and enabling restorative sleep.




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Depression & Mental Health FAQs 2
What is Clinical Depression?

Clinical depression can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior. It can change your eating habits, how you feel and think about things, your ability to work and study, and how you interact with people.

Clinical depression is not a passing mood, a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed away. Clinically depressed people cannot "pull themselves together" and get better.

Depression can be successfully treated by a mental health professional or certain health care providers. With the right treatment, 80 percent of those who seek help get better. And many people begin to feel better in just a few weeks.

Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health
World Health Organization Finds Depression Often Goes Untreated
By Salynn Boyles
WebMD Medical News
Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

Sept. 6, 2007 -- Depression has a greater impact on overall health than arthritis, diabetes, angina, and asthma, but it all too often goes unrecognized and untreated, a report from the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests.
more...Depression a Big Factor in Poor Health

For Additional Information About Depression Write To:
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8184, MSC 9663
Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
 

For free brochures on depression and its treatment call:  1-800-421-4211.
or visit: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
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